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1 hold
I [həuld] past tense, past participle held [held]1. verb1) to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands:يَحْمِلُ في يدهHe held the mouse by its tail.
2) to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc:يُمْسِكُ بHold the stamp with tweezers.
3) to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc:What holds that shelf up?
يَرْفَعُ، يُثَبِّتHold his arms so that he can't struggle.
4) to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain:I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold
يَصْمُد، يبقى ثابِتاWill the anchor hold in a storm?
5) to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power:The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder
يَقْبِض عَلىHe was held captive.
6) to (be able to) contain:يتَّسِعُ لِ، يَحْمِلThis drawer holds all my shirts.
7) to cause to take place:يَجْري، يَعْقِدُWe'll hold the meeting in the hall.
8) to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition:يُبْقي، يَحْتَفِظُ بShe holds herself very erect.
يُشْغِلُHe held the position of company secretary for five years.
10) to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard:يرى أن، يعتقِد، يَعْتَبِر، يحْتَرِمHe holds certain very odd beliefs.
11) to continue to be valid or apply:يَسْري مَفعوله، ينطبِقThese rules hold under all circumstances.
12) ( with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do:يُلْزِم بI intend to hold him to his promises.
13) to defend:يُدافِعThey held the castle against the enemy.
14) not to be beaten by:يوقِف، يَصُدThe general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.
15) to keep (a person's attention):يحافِظ على إنتباهIf you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.
16) to keep someone in a certain state:يُبْقيDon't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?
17) to celebrate:يَجْري، يُقامThe festival is held on 24 June.
18) to be the owner of:يَمْلُك، يَحْتَفِظُ بHe holds shares in this company.
19) (of good weather) to continue:يَسْتَمِر، يَبْقىI hope the weather holds until after the school sports.
20) ( also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait:يَنْتَظِرMr Brown is busy at the moment – will you hold or would you like him to call you back?
21) to continue to sing:يَسْتَمِر في الغِناءPlease hold that note for four whole beats.
22) to keep (something):يحْتَفِظ، يُبْقي علىThey'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.
23) (of the future) to be going to produce:يَجْلِب، يُعْطي، يَحْمِلُI wonder what the future holds for me?
2. noun1) the act of holding:He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled
قَبْضَه، مَسْكَهKeep hold of that rope.
2) power; influence:قُوَّه، تَأثيرHe has a strange hold over that girl.
3) (in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent:مَسْكَة في المُصارَعَه II [həuld] nounThe wrestler invented a new hold.
(in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.عَنْبَر أو مَخْزَن السَّفينَه -
2 hold
I Adj.1. poet. altm. (lieblich) lovely, sweet, fair2. geh.: jemandem / etw. hold sein be well-disposed towards s.o. / s.th.; das Glück war ihm hold fortune smiled upon him, he was in luck* * *charming; lovely; dear* * *họld [hɔlt]adj1) (poet, dated) fair, sweet; (hum) dear, beloved, fairdie holde Weiblichkeit (hum) — the fair sex
mein holder Gatte (hum) — my dear or beloved husband (hum)
2)das Glück war ihm hold — fortune smiled upon him
* * *[hɔlt]3. (gewogen)mir ist Fortuna nie \hold! [good] fortune never smiles on me!* * *1.die holde Weiblichkeit — (scherzh.) the fair sex
2)2.das Glück war uns (Dat.) hold — (geh.) fortune smiled upon us
adverbial sweetly* * *A. adj1. poet obs (lieblich) lovely, sweet, fair2. geh:jemandem/etwas hold sein be well-disposed towards sb/sth;das Glück war ihm hold fortune smiled upon him, he was in luckB. adv:* * *1.die holde Weiblichkeit — (scherzh.) the fair sex
2)2.das Glück war uns (Dat.) hold — (geh.) fortune smiled upon us
adverbial sweetly -
3 hold
أَمْسَكَ (بِـ) \ bite: (of tools) to take firm hold: Tyres do not bite well an a wet road. catch, (caught): to seize sb. or sth. that is escaping: I ran after him but could not catch him, to seize in any way: Did you catch a fish?. hold: to keep (sth.) in the hand: He held the rope (in his hand), control; keep still: He held his breath. Hold your tongue. hook: to catch or fasten with a hook. -
4 hold
أَبْقَى (في وضع معين) \ hold: to put or keep (sth.) in a certain position (with nails, paste, rope or any pressure or support): The rubber ring held him up in the water. A nail held the picture on the wall. \ See Also ثبت (ثَبَّتَ) \ أَوْقَفَ عضوًا (من الجسم) عن الحركة \ hold: to put or keep a part of the body in a certain position: Hold (yourself) still!. \ مَخْزَن (في مركب) \ hold: the space for goods in the bottom of a ship. \ See Also مستودع، عنبر البضاعة \ مَسْكَة \ hold: the power to hold: Make sure that the rope has a firm hold before you put any weitht on it. -
5 hold on
1) ( often with to) to keep (a grip on) (something):يَتَمَسَّك بِI couldn't hold on any longer, so I let go of the rope.
2) to stop or wait:Hold on – I'm not quite ready yet
يَنْتَظِرThe operator asked the caller to hold on while she connected him.
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6 hold out
تَحَمَّلَ \ abide: to bear: I can’t abide that smell. bear, (bore, borne): to support: This ice will not bear your weight, (usu. with can) to suffer without complaining (sth. that hurts or displeases) I can’t bear that woman. He bore the pain bravely. carry: to support: This bridge will not carry the weight of a bus. endure: to bear (pain, trouble, etc.): Stop that noise! I can’t endure it any longer. hold out: to last: Do you think this old car will hold out until we reach London? The town was surrounded but the people held out till help came. put up with: to bear without complaining: If you live near an airport, you have to put up with the noise. stand: to bear; suffer without complaint: How can you stand that noise? I can’t stand that man! (I dislike him very much), (of things; also stand up) to suffer without becoming worn or broken, etc. A leather football will stand (up to) a lot of kicking. support: to bear the weight of; hold up: A table is supported by its legs. That branch will not support your weight. tolerate: to bear; accept without complaint: I can’t tolerate heat. He can’t tolerate badly cooked food. wear: (of material) to last; not be damaged by use: Leather bags wear better than plastic ones. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also أطاق (أَطاقَ)، عانى (عَانى)، صمد (صَمَدَ)، صبر على (صَبَرَ على)، دام (دَامَ)، قاوم (قاوَم) -
7 hold out
قَدَّمَ \ accord: to give; allow: He was accorded permission to use the library. contribute: to give sth. for a common purpose: Each of us contributed (a pound) to the cost of the gift. give: to cause sb. to have (sth.); provide: What gave you that idea? Who gave you that cut on your face? Sheep give us wool, (with a noun that can also be a verb) to make he gave a shout (or He shouted). He gave me his promise (or He promised). hold out: to offer (for sb. else to take): He held out his plate for some food. introduce: to make (sb. or sth.) known to sb.: I introduced him to my father. I introduced them (to each other). He introduced me to the art of fishing. offer: to give sb. the chance to accept (sth.): They offered the job to the younger woman, but she refused it. present: to give formally; hand over: He presented me with a bill for $5, to put forward; show She presented her plans to the meeting. produce: to show (a ticket, proof, etc.) so as to satisfy sb.. render: to give, as a duty (help, thanks etc.). \ See Also منح (مَنَحَ)، أَضْفَى على، ساهم في (سَاهَمَ في)، عَرَّف بِـ، عرض (عَرَضَ)، برز (بَرَزَ) -
8 hold up
أَعَاقَ (حركة أو نُمُو) \ cramp: to prevent easy or natural movement of: Tight shoes cramp the feet. hinder: to delay; make (sth.) slow or difficult: His wounded leg hindered his escape (or hindered him in his escape). hold up: to delay: The building of the road has been held up by bad weather. interrupt: to stop; prevent for a short time: The electricity supply was interrupted by the storm. retard: to delay the progress or development of (sth.); cause to be late. \ See Also أخر (أَخَّرَ)، أوقف (أَوْقَفَ)، ضايق (ضَايَقَ)، عرقل (عَرْقَلَ) -
9 hold up
أَخَّرَ \ delay: to cause to be late: Heavy snow delayed our train. hinder: to delay; make (sth.) slow or difficult: His wounded leg hindered his escape (or hindered him in his escape). hold up: to delay: The building of the road has been held up by bad weather. keep: to delay: If you’re busy, I mustn’t keep you. \ See Also أَعَاق، عرقل (عَرْقل) -
10 hold
ثَبَّتَ \ fasten: to fix firmly: Fasten those buttons. fit: to fix; put into position: I fitted a new handle on (or to) the door. fix: to make firm; fasten: The lamp is fixed to the wall. glue: to keep sth. firmly in one position: His eyes were glued to the window. mount: to fix in position: The guns were mounted on the castle wall. stick: to fasten with some sticky or liquid material: I stuck a stamp on the letter. hold: to put or keep (sth.) in a certain position (with nails, paste, rope or any pressure or support): The rubber ring held him up in the water. A nail held the picture on the wall. -
11 holde
1. 4, vt1) держа́ть; содержа́тьhólde diæt — соблюда́ть дие́ту
hólde sit ord — держа́ть сло́во
2) (for ngn, ngt) счита́ть, принима́ть (за кого-л., что-л.)2. 4, vihvem hólder De mig for? — за кого́ вы меня́ принима́ете?
остана́вливаться, стоя́тьbílen hólder for dǿren — маши́на ждёт у подъе́зда
hólde af — люби́ть, нра́виться
hólde op — перестава́ть, прекраща́ть(ся)
hólde ud — выноси́ть, терпе́ть
hólde sig — держа́ться, приде́рживаться
* * *deliver, give, good for, hold, hold out, honour, keep, last, stand* * *vb (holdt, holdt)( med objekt:) ( holde fast, bære, holde i sin hånd; afholde) hold ( fx a child in one's arms, a book in one's hand; an election, a meeting);sit brug) keep ( fx keep him informed, keep him warm; keep servants,(, two cars, bees, a dog));( holde ved lige) keep in repair, keep up ( fx the house is too expensive to keep up), keep ( fx he keeps the garden beautifully),( en tone) hold,F sustain;( overholde, fejre, respektere) keep ( fx Christmas, a promise, the law), celebrate ( fx one's birthday),F observe ( fx two minute's silence, the Sabbath);( vædde) bet;( abonnere på) take ( fx we take two newspapers), subscribe to ( fx a magazine);( måle) measure,( rumme) hold, contain;( uden objekt:) ( ikke briste) hold ( fx I hope the rope holds);( ikke blive slidt op) wear; stand up;( forblive frisk) keep;( holde stik, om argument etc) hold water ( fx his explanation (, argument) does not hold water), hold good ( fx the rule does not hold good in every case);( standse) stop;( holde stille) be stopping, wait, stand, be;( styre i en vis retning) keep ( fx to the right), bear ( fx bear right here);(mar) bear, stand;( sigte) aim;[ holde fri], se I. fri;[ holde lukket (, åbent)] be closed (, open) ( fx on Sundays),( fortsat) stay closed (, open) ( fx till 9 o'clock);[ med sb:][ holde bil] run a car;[ holde en fæstning] hold a fortress;[ holde gudstjeneste] hold a service;[ spanden kan ikke holde vand] the bucket will not hold water;[ holde vejret] hold one's breath;[ gid vejret vil holde] I hope the weather will last (el. keep fine el.hold);[ med præp og adv:][ holde af] be fond of,( svagere) like;( bøje af, mar) stand off, bear away;[ holde en hest an] pull up a horse;[ holde fast ved] hold on to,(fig) stick to,F adhere to ( fx one's principles);[ holde ham fast på hans løfte] hold him to his promise;[ hold dig godt fast!] hold on tight!( som indledning til noget overraskende) wait for it! hold on to your hat!( tage mod ubehageligheder) bear the brunt, be the victim;[ han må altid holde for] he is always at the receiving end; they always pick on him;[ nu må du holde ` for] it is your turn now;[ holde det for sig selv] keep it to oneself;[ holde hånden for munden], se ndf: holde sig for munden;[ holde fra døren], se dør;[ holde fra livet], se liv;[ holde frem] hold out ( fx he held out his book; hold out a baby);[ holde hen med snak] put off with (a lot of) talk;[ det holdt hårdt] it was hard work;[` holde i, holde fast i] hold on to;[ brevet er holdt i vage vendinger] the letter is couched in vague terms;[ han kunne ikke holde maden i sig] he could not keep his food down;[ holde igen] resist, hold back;[ holde igen på] hold down ( fx prices), put the brake on,F curb ( fx public expenditure);(se også ndf: holde tilbage);[ holde inde] keep in;( ophøre) stop, cease,( i tale) stop (short);[ holde inde med] leave off ( fx leave off working), stop,F cease;[ holde med](dvs tage parti for) side with;[ holde en med tøj] keep somebody in clothing;[ holde en med selskab] keep somebody company;[ holde ham nede] keep him down; keep him under;T sit on him;[ holde (dvs have fat) om] grasp;( omfavne) put one's arms round;[ holde op]( løfte) hold up;( standse) stop, leave off,F cease ( med at -ing);[ holde ham op]( ved røveri) hold him up;[ holde op med at ryge] stop smoking;[ hold så op ( med det)!] stop it!T lay off! pack it in![ hold da helt op!]T get away! well, I'll be damned![ holde oppe] keep up;[ holde på]( opholde) keep back,F detain ( fx I won't detain you any longer);( holde fast på) hold (on to) ( fx one's hat),( beholde) hold (el. hang) on to ( fx a good worker);( insistere på) insist on ( fx he insisted on his demand);( påstå) maintain,( stærkere, F) assert;( være stemt for) be in favour of;( i væddemål) back ( fx the wrong horse), bet on;[ jeg holdt på mit] I stuck to my point (of view);T I stuck to my guns;[ holde det på et minimum] keep it to a minimum;[ holde på en hemmelighed] keep a secret;[ holde sammen](dvs støtte hinanden) keep (, hold, stick) together;[ holde sammen på noget] keep something together;(dvs holde lukket) keep shut;(bo) live,( for kortere tid) stay;T hang out;[` holde til](dvs udholde) stand;[ jeg kan ikke holde til mere] I can't stand (el. take) any more;[ holde ham til arbejdet] keep him at his work;[ hold til højre!] keep to the right!(se også højre);( ikke køre frem) keep back;( beherske) hold (el. choke) back ( fx she could barely choke back her tears (, rage));[ holde en tilbage] keep somebody back, hold somebody back,F restrain somebody ( fra at from -ing);(se også tilbageholde);[ holde tilbage for] give way to;[ holde ud] hold out ( fx can you hold out till we come?);( tåle) stand,(mere F) endure ( fx the pain);bear) him (, it);F I cannot endure him (, it);T I cannot stick him (, it);[ jeg kan ikke holde ud at] I can't stand (el. stick) -ing, I can't bear(el. endure) to (el. -ing);[ ikke til at holde ud], se uudholdelig;[ holde ude] keep out;[ holde ude fra hinanden] keep apart,( skelne fra hinanden) tell apart;[ holde ham udenfor] leave him out;[ holde sig udenfor] keep out of it;[ holde under] observation keep under observation;[` holde ved](dvs holde fast på) hold on to ( fx his arm),( støtte) hold,(dvs fastholde, stå ved) stick to,(= standse ved) stop at;[ holde ved lige], se vedligeholde;[ forbindelsen: holde sig:][ holde sig](dvs ikke fordærves) keep,( ikke slides) wear, last,( vedvare) hold, last,( forblive, opholde sig) stay, keep ( fx indoors),(mht afføring) contain oneself;[ jeg kan ikke holde mig længere] I can't wait any longer;T not for me![ mange skikke har holdt sig] many customs have survived;[ holde sig fast ved (el. i)] hold on to;[ holde sig for munden] hold one's hand in front of (el. before) one's mouth;[ holde sig for næsen] hold one's nose;[ holde sig for sig selv] keep (oneself) to oneself;[ holde sig for ørerne] stop one's ears;[ holde sig for god til], se god;[ holde sig fra] keep away from ( fx that place, that woman);( om mad, drikke etc) keep off ( fx alcohol, drugs);[ hun holder sig godt] she does not look her age;[ holde sig inde] keep (el. stay) indoors;[ holde sig med kost], se I. kost;(dvs vågen) keep (el. stay) up,( oven vande) keep afloat,(fig) keep one's head above water;[ holde sig parat] hold oneself ready; stand by;[ holde sig på benene] keep (el. stay) on one's feet;[ holde sig rolig] keep quiet (, still),(se rolig);[ holde sig til] stick to, keep to ( fx the text);F abide by ( fx the law);[ holde sig til sagen] keep to the point;[ nu ved jeg hvad jeg har at holde mig til] now I know where I stand;[ holde sig tilbage] hold (el. hang el. stand) back. -
12 sostener
v.1 to support, to hold up.sostenme esto, por favor hold this for me, pleaseLa columna sostiene la pared The column supports the wall.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.2 to defend (defender) (idea, opinión, tesis).sostener que… to maintain that…3 to support.4 to hold, to have (tener) (conversación).sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with somebody5 to sustain.La organización sostiene a María The organization sustains Mary.6 to maintain to.Ella sostiene tener crédito She maintains to have a credit.7 to claim to, to hold to.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.Ella sostuvo ser la heredera She claimed to be the heiress.* * *1 (mantener firme) to support, hold up2 (sujetar) to hold4 figurado (soportar) to endure, bear, put up with5 figurado (defender) to defend, uphold7 figurado (alimentar) to support, keep8 figurado (velocidad, correspondencia, relación, etc) to keep up, maintain1 (mantenerse) to support oneself; (de pie) to stand up2 (permanecer) to stay, remain\sostener la palabra figurado to keep one's wordsostener una conversación figurado to hold a conversationsostener la mirada a alguien figurado to stare somebody out* * *verb1) to support2) hold3) defend, uphold4) maintain, sustain•* * *1. VT1) (=sujetar)a) [en las manos, los brazos] to hold¡sostén esto un momentito! — hold this a minute!
yo llevaba las cajas mientras él me sostenía la puerta — I carried the boxes while he held the door open for me
b) [en pie] [+ construcción, edificio, techo] to hold up, supportlos pilares que sostienen el puente — the pillars which hold up o support the bridge
las piernas apenas me sostenían — my legs could barely hold me up o support me
entró borracho, sostenido por dos amigos — he came in drunk, held up o supported by two friends
c) (=soportar) [+ peso, carga] to bear, carry, sustain frm2) (=proporcionar apoyo a)a) [económicamente] to supportalgunas de las alternativas sugeridas para sostener al club — some of the alternatives suggested to keep the club going
b) (=alimentar) to support, sustain frmla tierra no da para sostener a todo el mundo — the land does not provide enough to support o frm sustain everyone
c) [moralmente] to supportuna mayoría capaz de sostener al Gobierno — a majority large enough to keep o support the government in power
3) (=mantener)a) [+ opinión] to holdsostiene un punto de vista muy diferente — he has o holds a very different point of view
no tiene datos suficientes para sostener esa afirmación — she doesn't have enough information to back up o support that statement
la investigación no ha terminado, como sostiene el juez — the investigation has not concluded, as the judge maintains o holds
sigue sosteniendo que es inocente — she still maintains o holds that she is innocent
b) [+ situación] to maintain, keep upno podrán sostener su puesto en la clasificación — they won't be able to maintain o keep up their place in the ranking
los campesinos han sostenido desde siempre una fuerte lucha con el medio — country people have always kept up o carried on a hard struggle against the environment
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sostener la mirada de algn — to hold sb's gaze4) (=tener) [+ conversación, enfrentamiento, polémica] to have[+ reunión, audiencia]sostuvo recientemente un enfrentamiento con el presidente — he recently had a clash with the president
5) (Mús) [+ nota] to hold, sustain2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *sostener11 = sustain, balance, hold.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio held.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
Ex: He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.sostener22 = be + Posesivo + contention, contend, submit, uphold, underpin, hold, maintain.Ex: It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.
Ex: The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.Ex: I submit that no ordinary, right-minded library user who is looking for Western Behavioral Institute is going to look under LA JOLLA, California.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.* sostener la opinión = argue.* sostener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.* * *vtA (apoyar)1 ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support; ‹carga/peso› to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos it needed both of them to support him o hold him o prop him up2 (en un estado) to keeplas fuerzas que lo sostuvieron en el poder the forces which kept him in powerlo único que la sostiene es la fuerza de voluntad it's sheer willpower that's keeping her going3 (sustentar) ‹familia› to support, maintainB (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹paquete› to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you o I'll keep hold of yousostén la puerta hold the door openponte un pasador para sostener el pelo put a barrette ( AmE) o ( BrE) slide in your hair to keep it in place ( o up etc)C ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to havesostuvieron una acalorada discusión they had a heated discussionno he sostenido nunca una relación duradera I've never had a lasting relationshipla polémica que sostiene con Godoy the dispute that he and Godoy are engaged in o that he is carrying on with GodoyD1 (opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que … I have always maintained o held that …2 ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back upno tienes pruebas para sostener esa afirmación you don't have any proof to back up o support that statementE1 ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustainla miró y ella sostuvo su mirada he looked at her and she held his gaze2 ( Mús) ‹nota› to hold, sustainA1(no caerse): la estructura se sostiene sola the structure stays up o stands up without supportestaba tan débil que apenas se sostenía en pie he was so weak that he could hardly standla planta ya no se sostiene the plant doesn't stand up on its own o can't support itself any more2 (en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder a pesar de la crisis she managed to stay o remain in power despite the crisisla economía se ha sostenido firme the economy has held o stood firmse sostuvo en su negativa he kept o stuck firmly to his refusalB(sustentarse): apenas puede sostenerse con lo que gana he can hardly support himself on what he earnsse sostiene a base de zumos y de leche she lives on o survives on fruit juice and milk* * *
sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
1 ( apoyar)
‹carga/peso› to bear
2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
4
5
sostenerse verbo pronominala) ( no caerse):
apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand
sostener verbo transitivo
1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
(con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
(una teoría) to maintain
3 (a la familia) to support
4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
' sostener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coger
- mantener
- mirada
- sujetarse
- aguantar
- sostuve
- sujetar
- tener
English:
allege
- argue
- bolster
- contend
- hold up
- submit
- support
- sustain
- uphold
- hold
- prop
* * *♦ vt1. [sujetar] [edificio, estructura, lo que se tambalea] to support, to hold up;[objeto, puerta, bebé] to hold;cuatro columnas sostienen todo el peso de la cúpula four columns take o support the entire weight of the dome;sosténgame esto, por favor hold this for me, please;si no nos llegan a sostener nos hubiéramos peleado if they hadn't held us back, we'd have started fighting;sólo les sostiene su inquebrantable optimismo the only thing that keeps them going is their unshakeable optimism2. [dar manutención a, sustentar] to support3. [mantener] [idea, opinión, tesis] to defend;[promesa, palabra] to keep;sostienen su oferta/invitación their offer/invitation still stands;sostener que… to maintain that…4. [tener] [conversación] to have;[reunión, negociaciones] to hold, to have;sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;durante semanas sostuvo una agria polémica he was involved in a bitter dispute which lasted several weeks5. Fig [aguantar]el corredor no podía sostener aquel ritmo de carrera the athlete couldn't keep up with the pace of the race;era una situación imposible de sostener the situation was untenable;le sostuve la mirada I held her gaze* * *I v/t1 familia support2 opinión hold* * *sostener {80} vt1) : to support, to hold up2) : to holdsostenme la puerta: hold the door for mesostener una conversación: to hold a conversation3) : to sustain, to maintain* * *sostener vb2. (aguantar) to support3. (afirmar, mantener) to maintain -
13 halten
n; -s, kein Pl.: zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop); Halten verboten! no stopping; da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc. (back)* * *das Halten(Besitzen) keeping;(Festhalten) holding* * *hạl|ten ['haltn] pret hielt [hiːlt] ptp geha\#lten [gə'haltn]1. TRANSITIVES VERB1) = festhalten to holdjdm etw halten — to hold sth for sb
jdm den Mantel halten — to hold sb's coat (for him/her)
den Kopf/Bauch halten — to hold one's head/stomach
2)= in eine bestimmte Position bringen
etw gegen das Licht halten — to hold sth up to the light3)= tragen
die drei Pfeiler halten die Brücke — the three piers support the bridgemeinst du, der kleine Nagel hält das schwere Ölbild? — do you think this small nail will take the weight of the heavy oil painting?
nur zwei morsche Bretter hielten den Balkon noch — there were only two rotten boards holding the balcony up
zwei Schlaufen halten den Vorhang an der Seite — two loops hold back the curtain
4) = zurückhalten, aufhalten to hold; (SPORT) to savedie Wärme/Feuchtigkeit halten — to retain heat/moisture
das ist ein toller Torwart, der hält jeden Ball! — he's a great goalkeeper, he makes great saves!
ich konnte ihn/es gerade noch halten — I just managed to grab hold of him/it
haltet den Dieb! — stop thief!
sie ist nicht zu halten (fig) — there's no holding her back
den Schnabel or Mund halten (inf) — to keep one's mouth shut (inf)
eine Perserkatze/einen Hausfreund halten — to have a Persian cat/a live-in lover
wir können uns kein Auto halten —
(
sich dat) eine Zeitung/Zeitschrift halten — to get a paper/magazine7) = einhalten, erfüllen to keepman muss halten, was man verspricht — a promise is a promise
der Film hält nicht, was er/der Titel verspricht — the film doesn't live up to expectations/its title
8) = beibehalten, aufrechterhalten Niveau to keep up, to maintain; Tempo, Disziplin, Temperatur to maintain; Kurs to keep to, to holddie These lässt sich nicht länger halten or ist nicht länger zu halten — this hypothesis is no longer tenable
(mit jdm) Verbindung halten — to keep in touch( with sb)
viel Sport hält jung/schlank — doing a lot of sport keeps you young/slim
wenn es neblig ist, sollten Sie den Abstand immer so groß wie möglich halten — if it's foggy you should always stay as far as possible from the car in front
9) = behandeln to treatdie Gefangenen werden in diesen Gefängnissen wie Tiere gehalten — the prisoners are treated like animals in these prisons
10)= handhaben, verfahren mit
das kannst du (so) halten, wie du willst — that's entirely up to youwie halten Sie es mit Ihrer Steuererklärung? — how do you deal with your tax return?
er hält es nicht so sehr mit der Sauberkeit — he's not over-concerned about cleanliness
es mehr or lieber mit jdm/etw halten — to prefer sb/sth
11)= gestalten
ein in Brauntönen gehaltener Raum — a room done in different shades of browndas Kleid ist in dunklen Tönen gehalten — it is a dark-coloured (Brit) or dark-colored (US) dress
das Mobiliar ist in einem hellen Holz gehalten — the furniture is made of a light wood
12) = veranstalten, abhalten Fest, Pressekonferenz to give; Rede to make; Gottesdienst, Zwiesprache to hold; Wache to keepSelbstgespräche halten — to talk to oneself
Mittagsschlaf halten — to have an afternoon nap
13) = einschätzen, denkendiams; jdn/etw für etw halten to think sb/sth sthetw für angebracht/schön halten — to think or consider sth appropriate/beautiful
jdn für ehrlich halten — to think or consider sb honest
ich habe ihn ( irrtümlich) für seinen Bruder gehalten — I (mis)took him for his brother
ich halte es für Unsinn, alles noch einmal abzuschreiben — I think it's silly to copy everything out againdiams; etw von jdm/etw halten to think sth of sb/sth
nicht viel von jdm/etw halten — not to think much of sb/sth
nicht viel vom Beten/Sparen halten — not to be a great one for praying/saving (inf)
ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun — I'm not in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of (doing) thatdiams; etwas/viel auf etw (acc) halten to consider sth important/very important
der Chef hält viel auf Pünktlichkeit — the boss attaches a lot of importance to punctuality
14)See:→ gehalten2. INTRANSITIVES VERBkann der denn ( gut) halten? — is he a good goalkeeper?
2) = bestehen bleiben, haltbar sein to last; (Konserven) to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Frisur, COMM Preise) to hold; (Stoff) to be hard-wearingder Waffenstillstand hält nun schon drei Wochen — the truce has now held for three weeks
Rosen halten länger, wenn man ein Aspirin ins Wasser tut — roses last longer if you put an aspirin in the water
dieser Stoff hält lange — this material is hard-wearing
3) = stehen bleiben, anhalten to stophalten lassen (Mil) — to call a halt
halt mal, stop! (hum) — hang on (inf) or hold on a minute!
4) andere Redewendungendiams; auf etw (acc) halten (= zielen) to aim at sth; (= steuern) to head for sth; (= Wert legen auf) to attach importance to sthich musste an mich halten, um nicht in schallendes Gelächter auszubrechen — I had to control myself so as not to burst into fits of laughter
3. REFLEXIVES VERB1) diams; sich halten= sich festhalten to hold on (an +dat to)er konnte sich gerade noch an dem Griff halten, als der Zug mit einem scharfen Ruck anfuhr — he just managed to grab hold of the strap when the train suddenly jolted forward
sie konnte sich auf dem glatten Abhang nicht halten — she couldn't keep her footing on the slippery slope
er konnte sich auf dem wilden Mustang nur drei Sekunden halten — he could only stay on the wild mustang three seconds
2) = eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben to carry or hold oneselfsich an die Tatsachen/den Text halten — to keep or stick to the facts/text
3) = sich nicht verändern Lebensmittel, Blumen to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Geruch, Rauch) to linger; (Preise) to hold; (Brauch, Sitte) to continue4) = seine Position behaupten to hold on; (in Kampf) to hold outer hat sich im erbarmungslosen Wettbewerb prächtig gehalten — he held on amazingly in the cut-throat competition
das Geschäft kann sich in dieser Straße nicht halten — the shop can't continue to stay open in this streetdiams; sich gut halten (in Prüfung, Spiel etc) to do well
sie hat sich in der schweren Prüfung unerwartet gut gehalten — she did unexpectedly well in the difficult exam
5) = sich beherrschen to control oneself6)andere Wendungendiams; sich halten an (+acc)
ich halte mich lieber an den Wein — I'd rather keep or stick to wineer hält sich für einen Spezialisten/für besonders klug — he thinks he's a specialist/very clever
* * *1) (to (cause to) stop walking, marching, running etc: The driver halted the train; The train halted at the signals.) halt2) (to give: He delivered a long speech.) deliver3) ((of a car etc) to stop: We drew up outside their house.) draw up4) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) hold5) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) hold6) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) hold7) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) hold8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) hold9) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) keep10) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) keep11) (to stand up to use: This material doesn't wear very well.) wear12) (having the body in a state of tension and readiness to act: The animal was poised ready to leap.) poised13) (to suppose or think (that something is the case): Do you take me for an idiot?) take* * *hal·ten[ˈhaltn̩]1.<hielt, gehalten>▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \halten to hold sb/sth [for sb]du musst das Seil ganz fest \halten you must keep a tight grip on the ropehältst du bitte kurz meine Tasche? would you please hold my bag for a moment?jdn/etw im Arm \halten to hold sb/sth in one's armsjdm den Mantel \halten to hold sb's coat [for him/her]2.<hielt, gehalten>▪ jdn \halten to stop sbhaltet den Dieb! stop the thief!es hält dich niemand nobody's stopping youwenn sie etwas von Sahnetorte hört, ist sie nicht mehr zu \halten if she hears cream gateau mentioned there's no holding her!3.<hielt, gehalten>▪ jdn \halten to keep sbwarum bleibst du noch bei dieser Firma, was hält dich noch da? why do you stay with the firm, what's keeping you there?mich hält hier nichts [mehr] there's nothing to keep me here [any more]4.<hielt, gehalten>(in eine bestimmte Position bringen)▪ etw irgendwohin/irgendwie \halten to put sth somewhere/in a certain positioner hielt die Hand in die Höhe he put his hand updie Hand vor den Mund \halten to put one's hand in front of one's mouthetw gegen das Licht \halten to hold sth up to the lightdie Hand ins Wasser \halten to put one's hand into the water5.<hielt, gehalten>▪ etw \halten to hold sthnur wenige Pfeiler \halten die alte Brücke just a few pillars support the old bridgeihre Haare wurden von einer Schleife nach hinten ge\halten her hair was held back by a ribbondas Regal wird von zwei Haken ge\halten the shelf is held up by two hooks6.<hielt, gehalten>▪ etw \halten to hold sthich konnte die Tränen nicht \halten I couldn't hold back my tearsdas Ventil konnte den Überdruck nicht mehr \halten the valve could no longer contain the excess pressureer konnte das Wasser nicht mehr \halten he couldn't hold his waterWärme/Feuchtigkeit \halten to retain heat/moisture7.<hielt, gehalten>einen Ball \halten to stop a ballder Tormann konnte den Ball nicht \halten the goalkeeper couldn't stop the balleinen Elfmeter \halten to save a penalty8.<hielt, gehalten>sie hält sich einen Chauffeur she employs a chauffeur; (fig)er hält sich eine Geliebte he has a mistress9.<hielt, gehalten>er hält sich ein Privatflugzeug, eine Segeljacht und ein Rennpferd he keeps a private aircraft, a yacht and a racehorseein Auto \halten to run a carwir können uns kein Auto \halten we can't afford a carHühner/einen Hund \halten to keep chickens/a dog10.<hielt, gehalten>eine Zeitung \halten to take a paper form11.<hielt, gehalten>▪ jdn irgendwie \halten to treat sb in a certain wayer hält seine Kinder sehr streng he is very strict with his children12.<hielt, gehalten>(beibehalten, aufrechterhalten)▪ etw \halten to keep sthdie Balance [o das Gleichgewicht] \halten to keep one's balanceFrieden \halten to keep the peacedie Geschwindigkeit \halten to keep up speedmit jdm Kontakt \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sbden Kurs \halten to stay on courseOrdnung \halten to keep ordereine Position nicht \halten können to not be able to hold a positioneinen Rekord \halten to hold a recordRuhe \halten to keep quietden Takt \halten to keep timedie Temperatur \halten to maintain the temperatureden Ton \halten to stay in tunezu jdm die Verbindung \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sbdiese Behauptung lässt sich nicht \halten this statement is not tenablehoffentlich kann ich den Weltrekord noch \halten hopefully I can still hold on to the world record13.<hielt, gehalten>MIL (erfolgreich verteidigen)▪ etw \halten to hold sthdie Verteidiger hielten ihre Stellungen weiterhin the defenders continued to hold their positionseine Festung \halten to hold a fortress14.<hielt, gehalten>(nicht aufgeben)ein Geschäft \halten to keep a business going15.<hielt, gehalten>(in einem Zustand erhalten)▪ etw irgendwie \halten to keep sth in a certain conditiondie Fußböden hält sie immer peinlich sauber she always keeps the floors scrupulously cleanden Abstand gleich \halten to keep the distance the samejdn in Atem/in Bewegung/bei Laune \halten to keep sb in suspense/on the go/happyfür jdn das Essen warm \halten to keep sb's meal hotdie Getränke kalt \halten to keep the drinks chilledjdn jung/fit \halten to keep sb young/fit16.<hielt, gehalten>das Haus war innen und außen ganz in Weiß ge\halten the house was completely white inside and outdas Wohnzimmer ist in Blau ge\halten the living room is decorated in blueihr Schlafzimmer ist in ganz in Kirschbaum ge\halten her bedroom is furnished entirely in cherrywooddie Rede war sehr allgemein ge\halten the speech was very generaleinen Brief kurz \halten to keep a letter shortetw schlicht \halten to keep sth simple17.<hielt, gehalten>(abhalten)▪ etw \halten to give sther hielt eine kurze Rede he made a short speechDiät \halten to keep to a dieteinen Gottesdienst \halten to hold a serviceseinen Mittagsschlaf \halten to have an afternoon napeine Rede \halten to give [or make] a speechein Referat \halten to give [or present] a paperSelbstgespräche \halten to talk to oneselfeine Unterrichtsstunde \halten to give a lessonUnterricht \halten to teacheinen Vortrag \halten to give a talkseinen Winterschlaf \halten to hibernate18.<hielt, gehalten>(einhalten, erfüllen)▪ etw \halten to keep sthder Film hält nicht, was der Titel verspricht the film doesn't live up to its titleman muss \halten, was man verspricht a promise is a promisesein Wort/Versprechen \halten to keep one's word/a promise19.<hielt, gehalten>▪ jdn/etw für jdn/etw \halten to take sb/sth for [or to be] sb/sthich habe ihn für seinen Bruder ge\halten I mistook him for his brotherdas halte ich nicht für möglich I don't think that is possiblewofür \halten Sie mich? what do you take me for?jdn für ehrlich/reich \halten to think sb is [or consider sb to be] honest/rich20.<hielt, gehalten>(denken über)▪ etw von jdm/etw \halten to think sth of sb/sthich halte nichts davon, das zu tun I don't think much of doing thater hält nichts vom Beten/Sparen he's not a great one for praying/saving famich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht I think it best/possible/my dutynichts/viel/wenig von jdm/etw \halten to think nothing/a lot/not think much of sb/sth21.<hielt, gehalten>etwas/viel auf jdn \halten to think quite a bit/a lot of sbwenn man etwas auf sich hält... if you think you're somebody...; s.a. Stück22.1. (festhalten) to holdkannst du mal einen Moment \halten? can you hold that for a second?2.<hielt, gehalten>(haltbar sein) to keepwie lange hält der Fisch noch? how much longer will the fish keep?die Schuhe sollten noch bis nächstes Jahr \halten these shoes should last till next year3.<hielt, gehalten>(dauerhaft sein) to holdder das Seil hält nicht mehr länger the rope won't hold much longerdie Tapete hält nicht the wallpaper won't stay ondiese Freundschaft hält schon lange this friendship has been lasting longdie Tür wird jetzt \halten now the door will holddas Regal hält nicht an der Wand the shelf keeps falling off the wall4.<hielt, gehalten>(stehen bleiben, anhalten) to stop\halten Sie bitte an der Ecke! stop at the corner, pleaseetw zum H\halten bringen to bring sth to a stop [or standstill]ein \haltendes Fahrzeug a stationary vehicle5.<hielt, gehalten>SPORT to make a saveunser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig ge\halten our goalkeeper made some great saves todaykann Peters denn gut \halten? is Peters a good goalkeeper?6.<hielt, gehalten>du musst mehr nach rechts \halten you must aim more to the right7.<hielt, gehalten>(sich beherrschen)ich musste an mich \halten, um nicht zu lachen I had to force myself not to laugh8.<hielt, gehalten>(Wert legen auf)[sehr] auf Ordnung \halten to attach [a lot of] importance to tidiness9.<hielt, gehalten>(jdm beistehen)▪ zu jdm \halten to stand [or stick] by sbich werde immer zu dir \halten I will always stand by youich halte zu Manchester United, und du? I support Manchester United, what about you?10.<hielt, gehalten>Sport hält jung sport keeps you youngAlufolie hält frisch aluminium foil keeps things fresh11.<hielt, gehalten>halte mehr nach links keep more to the leftnach Norden \halten to head north12.▶ halt mal,... hang [or hold] on,...du solltest ein bisschen mehr auf dich \halten (auf das Aussehen achten) you should take more [a] pride in yourself; (selbstbewusst sein) you should be more self-confidentIII. REFLEXIVES VERB1.<hielt, gehalten>der Kletterer rutschte aus und konnte sich nicht mehr \halten the climber slipped and lost his grip2.<hielt, gehalten>(nicht verderben)im Kühlschrank hält sich Milch gut drei Tage milk keeps for a good three days in the fridge3.<hielt, gehalten>für seine 50 Jahre hat er sich gut ge\halten he has worn well for a 50-year-old4.<hielt, gehalten>halte dich tapfer be brave5.<hielt, gehalten>(nicht verschwinden)manchmal kann der Nebel sich bis in die späten Vormittagsstunden \halten sometimes the fog can last until the late morning6.<hielt, gehalten>ich halte mich an die alte Methode I'll stick to [or stay with] the old methodich halte mich lieber an Mineralwasser I prefer to stay with mineral water7.<hielt, gehalten>(irgendwo bleiben)8.<hielt, gehalten>(eine Richtung beibehalten)\halten Sie sich immer in Richtung Stadtmitte keep going towards the centreder Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts the driver kept to the right9.<hielt, gehalten>er hält sich immer an die Vorschriften he always sticks to the rulesder Film hat sich nicht an die Romanvorlage gehalten the film didn't keep [or stick] to the book10.<hielt, gehalten>(sich behaupten)trotz der hauchdünnen Mehrheit hielt sich die Regierung noch über ein Jahr despite its wafer-thin majority the government lasted [or kept going for] over a year11.<hielt, gehalten>(bestehen)die Firma wird sich nicht \halten können the company won't keep going [for long]12.<hielt, gehalten>(eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben)es ist nicht leicht, sich im Gleichgewicht zu \halten it's not easy to keep one's balance13.<hielt, gehalten>er hält sich für besonders klug/einen Fachmann he thinks he's very clever/a specialist14.<hielt, gehalten>ich konnte mich nicht \halten vor Lachen bei dem Anblick I couldn't help laughing at this sight15.▶ sich akk an jdn \halten (sich an jdn wenden) to refer to sb, to ask sb; (jds Nähe suchen) to stick with sb1.<hielt, gehalten>wir \halten es ähnlich we do things in a similar wayes mit einer Sache so/anders \halten to handle [or deal with] sth like this/differentlywie hältst du es in diesem Jahr mit Weihnachten? what are you doing about Christmas this year?wie hältst du's mit der Kirche? what's your attitude towards the church?das kannst du \halten wie du willst that's completely up to you2.<hielt, gehalten>(Neigung haben für)es [mehr [o lieber]] mit jdm/etw halten to prefer sb/sthsie hält es mehr mit ihrer Mutter she gets on better with her motherer hält es nicht so mit der Sauberkeit he's not a great one for cleanliness* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) (auch Milit.) holdjemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand
die Hand vor den Mund halten — put one's hand in front of one's mouth
etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light
2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up < speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note
Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace
4) (erfüllen) keepsein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise
5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest
ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty
viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something
Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach
seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap
8) (Halt geben) hold up, support < bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>9) (zurückhalten) keep11) (nicht aufgeben)ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going
12) (behandeln) treat13) (vorziehen)es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something
14) (verfahren)es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently
15) (gestalten)2.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb1) (stehen bleiben) stop2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) lastder Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer
diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]
3) (Sport) save4) (beistehen)zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody
5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)6) (Seemannsspr.) headauf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something
an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself
8) (achten)3.1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]
sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing
sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect
5) (bleiben)sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle
sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right
sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody
7) (befolgen)sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something
9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)* * *halten; hält, hielt, gehaltenA. v/t1. (festhalten) hold;bei der Hand halten hold sb’s hand;in der Hand/im Arm halten hold in one’s hand/in one’s arms;jemandem den Mantel halten (damit er die Hände frei hat) hold sb’s coat; (ihm hineinhelfen) hold sb’s coat, help sb on with their coat;2. (stützen) hold (up), support;das Bild wird von zwei Nägeln gehalten the picture is held up by two nails;das Seil hat nicht viel zu halten (wird wenig belastet) there isn’t very much weight on the rope3. in einer Lage: hold;ans Licht halten hold to the light;die Hand ins/unters Wasser halten put one’s hand in the water/hold one’s hand under the tap (US auch faucet);sich (dat)beim Gähnen die Hand vor den Mund halten put one’s hand in front of one’s mouth when yawning;er hielt sich das Buch dicht vors Gesicht he was holding the book right in front of his face4. in einem Zustand: keep;frisch/warm halten keep fresh/warm;besetzt/verschlossen halten keep occupied/locked;in Gang halten keep sth going;in Ordnung halten keep in order;das Fass hält 20 Liter the barrel holds 20 litres (US -ers)6. (zurückhalten, behalten) keep, hold; (Festung, Stellung, Rekord, Titel) hold; (aufhalten) stop; SPORT (Schuss) hold, stop, save;das Haus hält die Wärme gut/schlecht the house retains the heat/lets the heat out;das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent, not be able to hold one’s water ( oder control one’s bladder);den Ball in den eigenen Reihen halten hold onto the ball, keep possession (of the ball);seinen Vorsprung halten können retain one’s lead;er war nicht zu halten there was no stopping ( oder holding) him, you couldn’t hold him back;was hält mich hier noch? what is there to keep me here?;7. (Geschwindigkeit, Kurs, Niveau, Preise etc) hold, maintain; (Richtung) continue in, keep going in; MUS (Ton) lange: hold; (nicht abweichen) keep to;Ordnung halten keep order;Kontakt halten keep in contact (zu with);haltet jetzt bitte Ruhe/Frieden umg keep quiet now, please/no more arguing, please;diese Theorie lässt sich nicht halten this theory is untenable8. (Versprechen, sein Wort etc) keep;was ich verspreche, halte ich auch my word is my bond;das Buch hält (nicht), was es verspricht the book doesn’t live up to its promises9. (sie hält sich einen Chauffeur/Liebhaber she keeps a chauffeur/loverdie Kinder knapp/streng halten not give the children much money/be strict with the children11. (Sitzung, Versammlung etc) hold; (Hochzeit, Messe) auch celebrate; (Mahlzeit, Schläfchen etc) have, take; (Rede, Vortrag etc) give;Winterschlaf halten hibernate12.sie hält ihn für den Besitzer meist she thinks he’s the owner;ich halte es für richtig, dass er absagt I think he’s right to refuse, I think it’s right that he should refuse;tu, was du für richtig hältst do what you think is right;ich hielte es für gut, wenn wir gingen I think we should go, I think it would be a good idea if we went;für wie alt hältst du ihn? how old do ( oder would) you think he is?;wofür halten Sie mich/sich (eigentlich)? who do you think I am/you are?13.halten von think of;viel/wenig halten von think highly ( stärker: the world)/not think much of;was hältst du von …? what do you think of …?; auffordernd: how about …?;was hältst du davon? what do you think (of it)?;ich halte nicht viel davon I don’t think much of it; von Idee, Gemälde etc: auch I’m not keen on it;sie hält nichts vom Sparen she doesn’t believe in saving14. unpers:wie hältst du es mit …? what do you usually do about …?; (was denkst du über …?) what do you think of ( oder about) …?;so haben wir es immer gehalten we’ve always done it that way;das kannst du halten, wie du willst please (besonders US suit) yourself;ich halte es mit meinem Lehrer, der immer sagte … I go by what my teacher always used to say …; → gehaltenB. v/i1. (fest sein) Knoten, Schnur, Schraube etc: hold; Eis: be (frozen) solid enough to walk on; Brücke: stand the weight of sth/sb; (kleben bleiben) stickder Zug hält hier zehn Minuten the train stops here for ten minutes;hält der Bus am Schlossplatz? does the bus stop at the Schlossplatz?;4. SPORT, Torwart etc: save;sie hält gut she’s good in goal, she’s a good goalkeeper5. in Zustand:das hält gesund/jung! it keeps you healthy/young6. Richtung, mit Waffe: aim (nach for;7.an sich (akk)halten control o.s.;ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu (+inf) it took great self-control not to (+inf), I could hardly stop ( oder keep) myself (from) (+ger)8.zu jemandem halten stand by sb; Partei nehmend: side with sbC. v/t & v/i1.(viel/wenig) halten auf (+akk) (achten auf) pay (a lot of/little) attention to; (Wert legen auf) set (great/little) store by;wir halten nicht sehr auf Formen we don’t stand on ceremony2.etwas/viel auf sich (akk)halten take pride/a lot of pride in o.s.; äußerlich: be particular/very particular about one’s appearance; gesundheitlich: look after/take great care of one’s health;jeder/kein Handwerker, der (etwas) auf sich hält any/no self-respecting craftsmanD. v/r1. Lebensmittel etc: keep; Schuhe etc: last; Wetter: hold; Preis, Kurs etc: hold; Geschäft, Mode, Restaurant etc: last;sich gut halten Lebensmittel etc: keep well;sie hat sich gut gehalten (ist wenig gealtert) she looks good for her age, she’s well preservedsich in Form halten keep in form; körperlich: auch keep fit;versteckt halten remain hidden ( oder in hiding)3. (standhalten) hold out;wacker halten hold one’s own (gegen against), do well;sich halten als maintain one’s position as;4.sich an das Gesetz halten comply with ( oder abide by) the law;der Film hält sich eng an die Vorlage the film keeps very close to the original; möchten Sie einen Sherry? - nein,ich halte mich lieber an alkoholfreie Getränke I’d rather stick to ( oder with) something non-alcoholic;heute werde ich mich mal an den Tee halten I’m going to stick to tea today5. Haltung, Lage, Richtung:sich links/rechts halten keep to the left/right;sich südlich halten keep on south, keep going in a southerly direction;aufrecht halten hold o.s. very straight ( oder erect);sich kaum noch auf den Beinen halten können hardly be able to stand;sich oft abseits halten often keep (o.s.) to o.s.;halt dich immer dicht hinter mir keep very close behind me6. (beherrschen):kaum mehr halten können not be able to contain o.s.;kaum mehr halten können vor Freude/Zorn etc be so happy/angry etc that one can no longer contain o.s.;sich (vor Lachen) nicht mehr halten können umg not be able to keep a straight face, not be able to stop o.s. ( oder keep from) laughing7.sie hält sich mal wieder für besonders schlau she thinks she’s been terribly clever again; → auch A 12, bereithalten* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) (auch Milit.) holdsich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach
jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand
etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light
2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up <speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note
Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace
4) (erfüllen) keepsein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise
5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest
ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty
viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something
Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach
seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap
8) (Halt geben) hold up, support <bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>9) (zurückhalten) keep11) (nicht aufgeben)ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going
12) (behandeln) treat13) (vorziehen)es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something
14) (verfahren)es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently
15) (gestalten)2.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb1) (stehen bleiben) stop2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) lastder Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer
diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]
3) (Sport) save4) (beistehen)zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody
5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)6) (Seemannsspr.) headauf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something
an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself
8) (achten)3.1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]
sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing
sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect
5) (bleiben)sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle
6) (gehen, bleiben)sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right
sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody
7) (befolgen)sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something
9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)* * *v.(§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)= to bear v.(§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)to clamp v.to halt v.to hold v.(§ p.,p.p.: held)to keep v.(§ p.,p.p.: kept)to retain v.to uphold v.(§ p.,p.p.: upheld) -
14 reggere
1. v/t ( sostenere) support( tenere in mano) hold( sopportare) beargrammar take2. v/i di tempo lastdi ragionamento stand upfig non reggo più I can't take any more* * *reggere v.tr.1 ( sostenere, sorreggere) to bear*, to support, to carry, to hold*: l'arco è retto da due pilastri, the arch is supported by two pillars; quattro pilastri reggono il tetto, four pillars hold up (o support) the roof; questa mensola non può reggere tanti libri, this shelf won't hold so many books; quella corda non lo reggerà, that rope will not hold him; questa carriola non regge più di così, this wheelbarrow cannot carry more than that; le gambe non mi reggono più, my legs cannot carry me any longer; lo reggeva per il braccio, she was holding him up by the arm; reggere un bimbo fra le braccia, to hold a child in one's arms; reggimi il bastone, il cappello, hold my stick, my hat; reggere un peso, to bear a weight // il partito al potere è retto dalla stampa, the party in power is sustained (o supported) by the press // reggere il moccolo, la candela, (fig., fam.) to play gooseberry2 (fig.) ( sopportare) to stand*: si è licenziato perché non reggeva il ritmo di lavoro, he gave up the job because he couldn't stand the pace of the work (o couldn't keep pace with the work); quando fa così non lo reggo proprio, I really can't stand (o bear) him when he acts like that; reggere la prova, to stand the test; reggere la spesa, to stand the expense // non reggo bene il vino, I can't take much wine3 ( governare) to rule (over): reggere un impero, to rule over an empire; reggere un paese, to rule a country // reggere il governo, to hold government4 ( dirigere) to manage; to run*: reggere un'azienda, to manage (o to run) a firm; reggere una scuola, to run a school5 (gramm.) to govern, to take*: preposizione che regge l'accusativo, preposition which governs (o takes) the accusative; un verbo che regge l'infinito, a verb which must be followed by (o which takes o which governs) the infinitive◆ v. intr.1 ( resistere) to hold* (out): il nemico non reggerà a lungo, the enemy will not hold out long; questa corda, questo ramo non regge, this rope, this branch will break; questo edificio reggerà almeno cent'anni, this building will stand a hundred years at least // sono stanco, non reggo più, I'm tired, I cannot hold out any longer // non mi regge il cuore a vederlo così afflitto, my heart breaks (o it breaks my heart) to see him so sad; non mi regge il cuore di farlo; I have not the heart to do it2 (fig.) ( sopportare) to stand* (sthg.), to stand* up to (sthg.), to bear*: quella ditta non ha retto alla concorrenza, that firm did not stand up to competition; il suo ultimo libro non regge al confronto con i precedenti, his latest book doesn't bear comparison with his earlier works; reggere al caldo, al freddo, to stand (o to bear) the heat, the cold; reggere alle fatiche, to stand up to hard work; reggere alla prova, to stand the test; reggere alle lusinghe, to resist flattery // non regge allo scherzo, he can't take a joke3 (fig.) ( essere plausibile) to stand* up, to hold* water: questa teoria non regge, this theory does not stand; le sue opinioni non reggono, his opinions do not hold water; le vostre accuse non reggono, there are no grounds for your accusations4 ( durare) to last, to hold* (out): questo bel tempo non reggerà molto a lungo, this fine weather will not hold out (o last) long; la situazione non resse a lungo, the situation did not last long5 (avere il dominio, il potere) to be in power, to hold* power, to hold* sway: in quel paese reggono i monarchici, the monarchists are in power (o hold sway) in that country.◘ reggersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 ( sostenersi) to stand*, to hold* on to (sthg.) (anche fig.): reggere agli appositi sostegni, to hold on to the handgrips provided; si regge in piedi, sulle gambe a fatica, he can hardly stand; ero così stanco che non mi reggevo più, I was so tired that I could not hold out any longer // reggere a galla, to float // con tante spese la ditta stenta a reggere, with so much expense the firm can hardly keep going // erano tanto ubriachi che dovevano reggere l'un l'altro, they were so drunk that they had to hold each other up* * *1. ['rɛddʒere]vb irreg vt1) (tenere: persona) to hold up, support, (pacco, valigia, timone) to holdreggi questa borsa, per favore — hold this bag, please
2) (sopportare: peso) to bear, carry, (fig : situazione) to stand, bearnon lo reggo più — (fig : persona) I can't put up with him any more
3) (Gramm: sogg: proposizione) to govern, take, be followed by4) (essere a capo di: Stato) to govern, rule, (ditta) to run, manage1) (resistere) to hold onnon regge al paragone — it (o he ecc) doesn't stand comparison
2) (durare: bel tempo, situazione) to last3) (fig : stare in piedi: teoria) to hold up, hold water3. vr (reggersi)1) (stare dritto) to stand, (fig : dominarsi) to control o.s.reggersi a — to hold on to(
fig : ipotesi) reggersi su — to be based onreggersi sulle gambe o in piedi — to stand up
2)reggersi a vicenda — to support each another* * *['rɛddʒere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (impedire la caduta di) [ persona] to hold* [ scala]; to hold* up [anziano, ubriaco]; [ cintura] to hold* up [ pantaloni]; (tenere in mano) [ persona] to hold* [ oggetto]reggimi gli sci — please, hold the skis
2) (sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]reggere qcs. sulle spalle — to carry sth. on one's back
3) (resistere a, far fronte a) to stand* [ prova]; to withstand*, to absorb [ impatto]; to stand*, to handle [ ritmo]; to bear* [ dolore]; to hold* [ sguardo]reggere il mare — [ nave] to be seaworthy
4) (sopportare)5) (governare) to rule [ paese]; (amministrare) to manage, to run* [ azienda]6) ling. to govern, to take*2.1) (resistere)reggere a — to withstand [assalto, urto, shock]; to stand up to [sforzo, fatica]
reggere alla tensione — [ persona] to take the strain
reggere al confronto con — to bear o stand comparison with, to compare favourably with
ha smesso di fumare, ma non reggerà a lungo! — he's given up smoking, but he'll never last out!
2) (essere valido) [teoria, ipotesi] to hold* (good); [ accusa] to hold* up; [ alibi] to stand* up3.verbo pronominale reggersi1) (sostenersi) to stand*reggere a — to hold on o cling on to [ ringhiera]
3) (governarsi)••* * *reggere/'rεddʒere/ [59]1 (impedire la caduta di) [ persona] to hold* [ scala]; to hold* up [anziano, ubriaco]; [ cintura] to hold* up [ pantaloni]; (tenere in mano) [ persona] to hold* [ oggetto]; reggimi gli sci please, hold the skis2 (sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]; reggere qcs. sulle spalle to carry sth. on one's back; il ramo non ti regge the branch won't hold you; le gambe non mi reggevano più my legs couldn't carry me any longer3 (resistere a, far fronte a) to stand* [ prova]; to withstand*, to absorb [ impatto]; to stand*, to handle [ ritmo]; to bear* [ dolore]; to hold* [ sguardo]; reggere l'alcol to (be able to) hold one's drink; reggere il mare [ nave] to be seaworthy4 (sopportare) non la reggo I can't stand her6 ling. to govern, to take*(aus. avere)1 (resistere) reggere a to withstand [assalto, urto, shock]; to stand up to [sforzo, fatica]; reggere alla tensione [ persona] to take the strain; reggere al confronto con to bear o stand comparison with, to compare favourably with; ha smesso di fumare, ma non reggerà a lungo! he's given up smoking, but he'll never last out!III reggersi verbo pronominale1 (sostenersi) to stand*; - rsi in piedi to stand up; fa fatica a -rsi in piedi he can hardly stand; non si regge sulle gambe he can't stand up3 (governarsi) - rsi a repubblica to be a republicreggere il colpo to tough it out. -
15 trattenere
( far restare) keep, hold( far perder tempo) hold up( frenare) restrainfiato, respiro holdlacrime hold backsomma withhold* * *trattenere v.tr.1 ( tenere, far rimanere) to keep*, to detain, to retain: ci trattenne nel suo ufficio per due ore, he kept us in his office for two hours; fu trattenuto a scuola, he was detained at school; il mio lavoro mi tratterrà qui per qualche giorno, my work will detain me here for a few days; mi trattenne a cena, he made me stay for dinner; trattenne per sé due sterline, he kept two pounds for himself; trattenere un documento, una ricevuta, to keep (o to hold) a document, a receipt2 ( frenare) to hold* back, to keep*, to restrain, to check, to repress: cerca di trattenere la tua collera, try to restrain (o to check) your anger; non potei trattenerlo dall'uscire, I could not keep him from going out; non so cosa mi trattenne dal farlo, I don't know what held me back (o restrained me) from doing it; non so cosa mi trattiene dal darti un schiaffo, I don't know what's keeping me from giving you a slap // trattenere le lacrime, il riso, to restrain one's tears, one's laughter // trattenere il respiro, to hold one's breath3 ( effettuare una trattenuta su) to deduct, to withhold*, to stop: trattenere le spese di trasporto, to deduct carriage; trattenere lo stipendio a qlcu., to stop s.o.'s salary; trattenere una certa somma dal salario di qlcu., to stop sthg. out of s.o.'s salary; trattenere le imposte da uno stipendio, to withhold taxes from a salary; trattenere alla fonte, to deduct at source; (dir.) trattenere parte di una somma dovuta, to recoup a sum of money4 ( intrattenere) to entertain: trattieni gli ospiti mentre mi preparo, entertain the guests while I get ready.◘ trattenersi v.rifl.1 ( rimanere) to stop, to stay, to remain: mi tratterrò a Roma due giorni, I shall stop in Rome two days; trattieniti ancora un po' con noi, stay with us a little longer; ci siamo trattenuti più a lungo del previsto, we stayed longer than expected2 ( frenarsi) to restrain oneself, to hold* oneself back: non potè trattenere e scoppiò in lacrime, she could not restrain herself and burst into tears3 ( fare a meno) to help (doing); to avoid (doing); to keep* oneself: non potei trattenermi dal dirgli tutto, I could not help telling him everything; non poterono trattenere dal ridere quando lo videro, they could not help laughing when they saw him.* * *1. [tratte'nere]vb irreg vttrattenere qn dal fare qc — to restrain sb o hold sb back from doing sth
trattenere in osservazione — (in ospedale) to keep in for observation
2) (lacrime, riso) to hold back, keep back, restrain, (respiro) to hold3) (detrarre) to withhold, keep back, deduct2. vip (trattenersi)(fermarsi) to stay, remain3. vr (trattenersi)(astenersi) to restrain o.s., stop o.s.trattenersi dal fare qc — to keep o stop o.s. from doing sth
* * *[tratte'nere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (non lasciar andare) to keep* [ persona]2) (tenere fermo) to hold*, to keep*, to restrain3) (contenere) to hold* back [acqua, folla]; to hold* back, to choke back [ lacrime]; to hold* [fiato, respiro]; to stifle [grido, risata, sbadiglio]; to contain, to suppress [ collera]; to contain [ gioia]; to suppress [tosse, starnuto]4) (confiscare) to withhold*, to retain [ cauzione]; (prelevare) to deduct [somma, tasse] (su from); (tenere per sé) to keep* [ resto]trattenere 50 sterline dallo stipendio di qcn. — to stop Ј50 out of sb.'s pay
5) (assorbire) to retain [calore, umidità]; to absorb [luce, odore]2.verbo pronominale trattenersi1) (soggiornare) to remain, to stay; (rimanere più a lungo) to stay behind, to stay on, to stop behind BE2) (astenersi) to stop oneself; (frenarsi) to check oneself, to contain oneself- rsi dal fare — to stop o keep oneself from doing
* * *trattenere/tratte'nere/ [93]1 (non lasciar andare) to keep* [ persona]; mi ha trattenuto per un'ora con le sue chiacchiere he kept me chatting for an hour; non voglio trattenerla oltre I won't delay you any further; non c'è niente che mi trattenga qui there's nothing to keep me here2 (tenere fermo) to hold*, to keep*, to restrain; la timidezza mi ha trattenuto shyness held me back3 (contenere) to hold* back [acqua, folla]; to hold* back, to choke back [ lacrime]; to hold* [fiato, respiro]; to stifle [grido, risata, sbadiglio]; to contain, to suppress [ collera]; to contain [ gioia]; to suppress [tosse, starnuto]4 (confiscare) to withhold*, to retain [ cauzione]; (prelevare) to deduct [somma, tasse] (su from); (tenere per sé) to keep* [ resto]; trattenere 50 sterline dallo stipendio di qcn. to stop £50 out of sb.'s pay5 (assorbire) to retain [calore, umidità]; to absorb [luce, odore]II trattenersi verbo pronominale1 (soggiornare) to remain, to stay; (rimanere più a lungo) to stay behind, to stay on, to stop behind BE; - rsi a cena to stay for dinner; non posso trattenermi a lungo I can't stay long2 (astenersi) to stop oneself; (frenarsi) to check oneself, to contain oneself; - rsi dal fare to stop o keep oneself from doing; - rsi dal piangere to try not to cry; non sono riuscito a trattenermi dal ridere I couldn't help myself laughing; mi sono trattenuto dal dirgli ciò che pensavo I refrained from telling him what I thought. -
16 имам
1. (притежавам) have, have got; possess, own2. (страдам от) haveимам хрема кашлица и пр. have a cold/a cough, etc.3. (при определяне размери, възраст, време) be(приблизително) must be (about)стаята имаше 3 метра надлъж the room was three metres long, the room measured three metres in lengthмястото не беше голямо, да имаше 1 декара the plot was not large, one acre at the mostтя има най-малко 15 години she's fifty if she's a dayтя имаше най-много 15 години she was fifty at (the) most, she must have been about fifty at (the) most4. (смятам някого за някакъв) hold, regard, consider, look uponимам го за верен човек I hold him to be loyal, I regard him as trustworthy, I trust himимам го като свое дете I look upon him as my own child, he's like a child of my own5. (със същ.) have, beимам авторитет have authority, command respectимам вид на (с прил.) look, seem, look likeимам вина be guilty, be to blameимам вяра/доверие в have faith/confidence inимам грешка be wrong/mistaken, be in the wrongимам заседание/среща have a meeting/an appointmentимам добро/лошо мнение за вж. мнениеимам намерение intendимам нужда от need. be in need ofимам право be rightимам право на be entitled toимам пред вид вж. видимам работа с have business with, have to deal withимам сила/сили be strong/vigorous; have strengthимам страх от fear, be afraid ofимам на ума си have s.th. in o.'s mindимам много здраве вж. здравеколкото глас имам at the top of o.'s voice/lungsимам да вземам пари have some money comingда имаш да вземаш вж. взимамимам да давам oweимам да давам на Михаля вж. Михалимам се6. consider/regard o.s.тя се има за много (нещо) she thinks very highly of herself, разг. she thinks she's the cat's whiskers7. имам се с някого be friendly/pally with s.o* * *ѝмам,гл.1. ( притежавам) have, have got; possess, own; имате ли телевизор? да/не have you got a T.V. set? yes, we have (got one)/no, we haven’t (got one);2. ( страдам от) have;3. ( при определяне размери, възраст, време) be, ( приблизително) must be (about); стаята имаше 3 метра надлъж the room measured three metres in length; тя има най-малко 50 години she’s fifty if she’s a day; тя имаше най-много 50 години she was fifty at (the) most, she must have been about fifty at (the) most;4. ( смятам някого за някакъв) hold, regard, consider, look upon; \имам го за верен човек I hold him to be loyal, I regard him as trustworthy, I trust him;5. ( със същ.) have, be; имайте добрината да be so good/kind as to (c inf.); \имам авторитет have authority, command respect; \имам вид на (с прил.) look, seem, look like; \имам вина be guilty, be to blame; \имам грешка be wrong/mistaken, be in the wrong; \имам доблестта да be honest enough to (c inf.); \имам за цел my purpose is (да to c inf.); \имам намерение intend; \имам на ума си have s.th. in o.’s mind; \имам нужда от need, be in need of; \имам право be entitled to; \имам правомощия have jurisdiction; \имам страх от fear, be afraid of;\имам ce 1. consider/regard o.s.; тя се има за много (нещо) she thinks very highly of herself, разг. she thinks she’s the cat’s whiskers;2.: \имам ce c някого be friendly/pally with s.o., be on friendly terms with; • да имаш да вземаш I’m not taking any! nothing doing! no way! \имам да вземам пари have some money coming; \имам да вземам пари от него he owes me (some) money; \имам да давам owe; колкото глас \имам at the top of o.’s voice/lungs.——————и има̀мин м., има̀ми imaum, imam.* * *contain: I имам two apples in my hand. - Имам две ябълки в ръката си.; own; possess; hold: I имам him to be loyal. - Имам го за доверен човек.* * *1. (при определяне размери, възраст, време) be 2. (приблизително) must be (about) 3. (притежавам) have, have got;possess, own 4. (смятам някого за някакъв) hold, regard, consider, look upon 5. (страдам от) have 6. (със същ.) have, be 7. 1 ИМАМ се с някого be friendly/pally with s.o 8. 4 метра надлъж the room was three metres long, the room measured three metres in length 9. 5 декара the plot was not large: one acre at the most 10. 6 години she's fifty if she's a day 11. 7 години she was fifty at (the) most, she must have been about fifty at (the) most 12. consider/ regard o.s. 13. ИМАМ авторитет have authority, command respect 14. ИМАМ вид на (с прил.) look, seem, look like 15. ИМАМ вина be guilty, be to blame 16. ИМАМ вяра/доверие в have faith/confidence in 17. ИМАМ го за верен човек I hold him to be loyal, I regard him as trustworthy, I trust him 18. ИМАМ го като свое дете I look upon him as my own child, he's like a child of my own 19. ИМАМ грешка be wrong/mistaken, be in the wrong 20. ИМАМ да вземам пари have some money coming 21. ИМАМ да вземам пари от него he owes me (some) money 22. ИМАМ да давам owe 23. ИМАМ да давам на Михаля вж. Михал 24. ИМАМ доблестта да be honest enough to (c inf.), имайте добрината да be so good/ kind as to (c inf.) 25. ИМАМ добро/ лошо мнение за вж. мнение 26. ИМАМ за цел my purpose is (да to c inf.) 27. ИМАМ заседание/среща have a meeting/an appointment 28. ИМАМ много здраве вж. здраве 29. ИМАМ на ума си have s. th. in o.'s mind 30. ИМАМ намерение intend 31. ИМАМ нужда от need. be in need of 32. ИМАМ право be right 33. ИМАМ право на be entitled to 34. ИМАМ пред вид вж. вид 35. ИМАМ работа be busy;have (got) s.th. to do 36. ИМАМ работа с have business with, have to deal with 37. ИМАМ се 38. ИМАМ сила/сили be strong/ vigorous;have strength 39. ИМАМ страх от fear, be afraid of 40. ИМАМ хрема кашлица и пр. have a cold/a cough, etc. 41. да имаш да вземаш вж.. взимам 42. имате ли телевизор? - да/не have you got a T.V. set?- yes, we have (got one)/ no, we haven't (got one) 43. колкото глас ИМАМ at the top of o.'s voice/ lungs 44. мястото не беше голямо: да имаше 45. стаята имаше 46. тя има най-малко 47. тя имаше най-много 48. тя се има за много (нещо) she thinks very highly of herself, разг. she thinks she's the cat's whiskers -
17 estima
f.esteem, respect.se ganó la estima del público he earned the public's respecttiene una gran estima por su padre he has great respect for his fatherno te tienen mucha estima por aquí people don't have a very high opinion of you round heretener a alguien en gran o alta estima to hold somebody in high esteempres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: estimar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: estimar.* * *1 esteem, respect2 MARÍTIMO dead reckoning\tener a alguien en gran estima to hold somebody in great esteem* * *noun f.esteem, regard* * *SF1) (=aprecio) esteem, respectse ganó la estima de todos sus compañeros — he gained the respect o esteem of all his friends
tener a algn en gran estima — to hold sb in high esteem, think very highly of sb
2) (Náut) dead reckoning* * *femenino respecttiene en gran or mucha estima tu amistad — he values your friendship very highly
* * *= esteem, regard, respect, reputation.Ex. The two cases perhaps indicate the beginning of attitudinal changes in awards administrators which will give parity of esteem to information-driven programmes.Ex. Their sheer institutional standing and regard have had a bearing upon the creation of a situation which is a good deal better than it might otherwise have been.Ex. The authorities had in mind the book's endemic lying, the petty thefts, the denigrations of respect and religion, the bad language and the bad grammar.Ex. Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.----* autoestima = self-regard.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* * *femenino respecttiene en gran or mucha estima tu amistad — he values your friendship very highly
* * *= esteem, regard, respect, reputation.Ex: The two cases perhaps indicate the beginning of attitudinal changes in awards administrators which will give parity of esteem to information-driven programmes.
Ex: Their sheer institutional standing and regard have had a bearing upon the creation of a situation which is a good deal better than it might otherwise have been.Ex: The authorities had in mind the book's endemic lying, the petty thefts, the denigrations of respect and religion, the bad language and the bad grammar.Ex: Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.* autoestima = self-regard.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* * *respectle ha ganado la estima de todos it has earned him everyone's respectno le tengo mucha estima I don't think very highly of himlo tienen en gran estima or le tienen gran estima they hold him in high regard o esteem ( frml), they think very highly of himtiene en gran or mucha estima tu amistad he values your friendship very highly* * *
Del verbo estimar: ( conjugate estimar)
estima es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
estima
estimar
estima sustantivo femenino
esteem;
tener(le) estima a algn to think highly of sb;
tiene en gran estima tu amistad he values your friendship very highly
estimar ( conjugate estimar) verbo transitivo
1
( tener cariño) to be fond of
2 (frml) ( considerar) (+ compl) to consider, deem (frml)
estima sustantivo femenino respect, regard, esteem: le tengo mucha estima, I hold him in great esteem
estimar verbo transitivo
1 frml (sentir cariño) to esteem, respect
2 (juzgar, considerar) to consider, think: no lo estimo necesario, I don't think it is necessary
3 (valorar) to appreciate, think highly of: estimo tu ayuda, I appreciate your help
4 (calcular) to estimate
' estima' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
admirar
- desprecio
- estimable
- valorar
- aprecio
English:
esteem
- respect
- estimation
- regard
- rise
* * *estima nf1. [aprecio] esteem, respect;se ganó la estima del público he earned the public's respect;tiene una gran estima por su padre he has great respect for his father;no te tienen mucha estima por aquí people don't have a very high opinion of you round here;en su trabajo lo tienen en gran estima he is highly respected at his work2. Náut dead reckoning* * *f esteem, respect;gran estima hold s.o. in high regard o esteem* * *estima nfestimación: esteem, regard* * *estima n -
18 houden
1 [behouden] keep2 [vast-, tegenhouden] hold3 [niet laten vallen] hold4 [tot zijn gebruik, genoegen in huis hebben; ook met betrekking tot personeel] keep5 [niet opgeven, niet verlaten] hold, keep7 [in een (toe)stand laten blijven] keep11 [+ voor] [achten] take to be ⇒ consider to be/as♦voorbeelden:1 zijn geur/kleur/smaak houden • keep its aroma/colour/tasteje mag het houden • you can keep/have itiets voor zichzelf houden • keep something for oneselfhij was niet te houden • there was no stopping himer was geen houden meer aan • it could no longer be stopped4 kippen/duiven houden • keep hens/pigeonsvreemde ideeën/gewoonten erop na houden • have funny ideas/habitswat voor politieke ideeën houdt hij erop na? • what are his political ideas?rechts houden • keep (to the) rightde blik op iets gericht houden • keep looking at somethinglaten we het gezellig houden • let's keep it/things niceik zal het kort houden • I'll keep it shortde prijzen laag houden • keep prices down/lowlaten we het netjes houden • let's keep it cleaniemand eronder houden • keep someone downhij kan er niets in houden • he can't keep anything downiemand aan het werk/aan de praat houden • keep someone busy/talkingergens een lucifer bij houden • put a match to somethinghij kon er zijn gedachten niet bij houden • he couldn't keep his mind on itiets tegen het licht houden • hold something up to the lightiemand tegen zich aan houden • clasp someone to oneselfiemand van zijn werk houden • keep someone from his/her workhou je commentaar maar vóór je • keep your remarks to yourselftwee mensen/zaken niet uit elkaar kunnen houden • not be able to tell two people/things apartik kon hun namen niet uit elkaar houden • I kept getting their names mixed uporde houden • keep order9 een lezing houden • give/deliver a lectureuitverkoop houden • hold/have a sale10 (een) café/winkel houden • keep/run a café/shopiets voor gezien houden • leave it at that, call it a dayiemand voor zijn broer houden • mistake someone for his brotherwaar hou je me voor? • what do you take me for?ik hou het niet meer • I can't take/stand it any moreik hou(d) het erop dat hij onschuldig is • I consider him (to be) innocenthet bij frisdrank houden • stick to soft drinkshet met iemand houden • 〈 onder één hoedje spelen〉 be in with someone; 〈 met betrekking tot seksuele relatie〉 be carrying on with someonewe houden het op de 15e • let's make it the 15th, thenik hou het op Ajax • I'm backing Ajax1 [+ van] [liefhebben] love4 [het niet begeven] hold♦voorbeelden:veel van iemand houden • love someone a lot/very muchvan iemand gaan houden • fall in love with someone2 niet van dansen/cognac houden • not like dancing/cognachij houdt wel van een grapje • he likes a bit of jokezij houdt niet van dat soort grapjes • she doesn't like those kinds of jokeshij houdt niet zo van feestjes/toespraken • he's not (much of a) one for parties/speechesik hou meer van bier dan van wijn • I prefer beer to winedie knoop houdt niet • that knot won't holdde verf houdt niet • the paint won't stick/is peelingIII 〈wederkerend werkwoord; zich houden〉1 [+ aan] [niet afwijken van] keep to 〈 regels, dieet, verdrag, termijn, programma, afspraak〉; adhere to 〈 overeenkomst, instructies〉; abide by 〈 beslissing, vonnis〉; comply with, observe 〈 regels, voorwaarden, regel van de wet〉2 [blijven] keep3 [schijn aannemen] pretend to be♦voorbeelden:2 zich goed houden • 〈 niet lachen〉 keep a straight face; 〈 zich niet door emoties laten overmannen〉 bear up wellhij kon zich niet goed houden • he couldn't help laughing/cryingik zou me er maar buiten houden • I'd keep out of it (if I were you)hou je erbuiten! • (you) keep out of it!3 zich dom/slapend houden • pretend to be deaf/asleep¶ hij wist niet hoe hij zich moest houden • he didn't know what to do/how to behave -
19 que
que [kə]━━━━━━━━━1. conjunction2. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (complétive) that━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► that introduisant une subordonnée complétive est souvent sous-entendu en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• tu crois qu'il réussira ? do you think he'll succeed?• mais il n'a pas de voiture ! -- il dit que si but he has no car! -- he says he has━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Avec un verbe de volonté, l'anglais emploie une proposition infinitive. Si le sujet de cette infinitive est un pronom, l'anglais utilise la forme objet du pronom.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque que remplace une conjonction comme si, quand, comme, que, la conjonction est soit répétée soit omise en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• si vous êtes sages et qu'il fait beau, nous sortirons if you are good and (if) the weather is fine, we'll go out• comme la maison est petite et qu'il n'y a pas de jardin... as the house is small and there's no garden...• il ira, qu'il le veuille ou non he'll go whether he wants to or not• qu'il parte ou qu'il reste, ça m'est égal whether he leaves or stays, it's all the same to med. (but) tenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas hold him so he doesn't falle. (temps) elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir she had no sooner gone out than it started raining• ils ne se connaissaient pas depuis 10 minutes qu'ils étaient déjà amis they had only known each other for 10 minutes and already they were friendsf. (souhait) qu'il se taise ! I wish he would be quiet!• eh bien, qu'il vienne ! all right, he can come!• qu'il essaie seulement ! just let him try!• que je l'aide ? tu plaisantes ! me, help him? you must be joking!• « viens ici ! » qu'il me crie (inf) "come here!" he shoutedh. (locutions)► que... ne• j'avais déjà fini de déjeuner qu'elle n'avait pas commencé I'd already finished my lunch and she hadn't even started► que oui ! yes indeed!• il était fâché ? -- que oui ! was he angry? -- he certainly was!► que non ! certainly not!• tu viens ? -- que non ! are you coming? -- no I am not!2. <• que tu es lent ! you're so slow!• que de voitures ! there's so much traffic!• que d'erreurs ! there are so many mistakes!qu'est-ce qu'il est bête ! he's such an idiot!• qu'est-ce qu'il joue bien ! doesn't he play well!3. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner une personne en anglais, il y a trois possibilités: whom, qui est d'un registre soutenu, who qui n'est pas correct, mais très fréquemment utilisé, et that.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner un animal ou une chose en anglais, il y a deux possibilités: that et which, qui s'utilise surtout pour des choses.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• la raison qu'il a donnée the reason (that or which) he gavec. (en incise)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque la relative est en incise, on n'emploie jamais that, mais which pour une chose et who(m) pour une personne.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• un certain M. Leduc, que je ne connais pas, m'a appelé a certain Mr Leduc, who (inf) or whom I don't know, called me• la lettre, que j'ai postée lundi, est arrivée vendredi the letter, which I posted on Monday, arrived on Fridaye. (autres) quel homme charmant que votre voisin ! what a charming man your neighbour is!• tout distrait qu'il est, il s'en est aperçu absent-minded though he is, he still noticed it4. <• que fais-tu ? what are you doing?• qu'en sais-tu ? what do you know about it?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans les cas où il y a un choix, on emploie which.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• que préfères-tu, de la compote ou un crème caramel ? which would you prefer, stewed fruit or crème caramel?• qu'est-ce que tu fais ? what are you doing?• qu'est-ce que tu préfères, le rouge ou le noir ? which do you prefer, the red one or the black one?► qu'est-ce qui what• qu'est-ce qui l'a mis en colère ? what made him so angry?* * *
1.
( qu' before vowel or mute h) kə conjonctioncomme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi — since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why
2)qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte — we were already well aware that he's the best
approche, que je te regarde — come closer so I can look at you
que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non — whether you like it or not
il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police — no sooner had he left than she called the police
j'avais déjà lu dix pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé — I had already read ten pages while he hadn't even started
qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais... — you must excuse me but...
qu'il crève! — (sl) let him rot! (colloq)
2.
pronom interrogatif whatque dire? — what can you ou one say?
que faire? — ( maintenant) what shall I/we do?; ( au passé) what could I/we do?
3.
pronom relatifPierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier — Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday
c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue — she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen
3) ( employé comme attribut) that
4.
‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’ - ‘oh que si!’ — ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’ - ‘yes I have!’
‘tu en as besoin?’ - ‘que oui!’ — ‘do you need it’ - ‘I certainly do!’
••
que conjonction de subordination se traduit généralement par that: elle a dit qu'elle le ferait = she said that she would do it; il est important qu'ils se rendent compte que ce n'est pas simple it's important that they should realize that it's not simpleOn notera que that est souvent omis: je pense qu'il devrait changer de métier = I think he should change jobsQuand que suit un verbe exprimant un souhait, une volonté, l'anglais utilise un infinitif: je voudrais que tu ranges ta chambre = I'd like you to tidy your room; elle veut qu'il fasse un stage de formation = she wants him to do a training courseOn trouvera ci-dessous quelques exemples supplémentaires mais on pourra toujours se reporter aux verbes, adjectifs et substantifs qui peuvent être suivis de que, comme montrer, comprendre, apparaître, certain, évident, idée etc. De même les locutions ainsi que, alors que, bien que sont traitées respectivement sous ainsi, alors, bien. Pour les emplois de que avec ne, plus, moins etc on se reportera à ne, plus, moins etcque pronom relatif se traduit différemment selon qu'il a pour antécédent un nom de personne: l'homme que je vois = the man that I can see; = the man I can see; = the man who I can see; = the man whom I can see; les amis que j'ai invités = the friends that I've invited; = the friends I've invited; = the friends who I have invited; = the friends whom I have invited (dans les deux cas ci-dessus la traduction avec whom appartient au registre de la langue écrite); ou un nom de chose, concept, animal: le chien que je vois = the dog that I can see; = the dog I can see; = the dog which I can see; l'invitation que j'ai reçue = the invitation that I received; = the invitation I received; = the invitation which I received. Voir III ci-dessous* * *kə1. conj1) (introduisant complétive) thatIl sait que tu es là. — He knows you're here., He knows that you're here.
Je veux que tu acceptes. — I want you to agree.
Je veux que tu viennes. — I want you to come.
Il a dit que oui. — He said he would.
Quand il rentrera et qu'il aura mangé... — When he gets back and has eaten...
Si vous y allez ou que vous... — If you go there or if you...
qu'il le veuille ou non — whether he likes it or not, (souhait)
4) (but) (= de sorte que) so, so thatTenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas. — Hold it so it doesn't fall., Hold it so that it doesn't fall.
5) (après comparatif) thanplus... que — more... than
C'est plus difficile que je ne le pensais. — It's more difficult than I thought.
Il est plus grand que moi. — He's bigger than me.
6) (équivalence) asaussi... que — as... as
Elle est aussi jolie que sa sœur. — She's as pretty as her sister.
Le train est aussi cher que l'avion. — The train is as expensive as the plane.
See:plus; aussi; autantne... que (= seulement) — only
Il ne boit que de l'eau. — He only drinks water.
Je ne l'ai vu qu'une fois. — I've only seen him once.
à peine... que; Elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir. — She had just gone out when it started to rain., No sooner had she gone out than it started to rain.
il y a... que; ça fait... que; Il y a 4 ans qu'il est parti.; Ça fait 4 ans qu'il est parti. — It is 4 years since he left.
See:2. advqu'il est...; Qu'il est bête!; Qu'est-ce qu'il est bête! — He's so silly!
Qu'il court vite!; Qu'est-ce qu'il court vite! — He runs so fast!
que de... — such a lot of..., so many...
3. pron1) (relatif) (personne) that, whomla dame que j'ai rencontrée hier — the lady I met yesterday, the lady that I met yesterday
l'homme que je vois — the man I can see, the man that I can see
2) (chose) that, whichLe gâteau qu'elle a fait est délicieux. — The cake she made is delicious., The cake that she made is delicious., The cake which she made is delicious.
le livre que tu vois — the book you see, the book that you see, the book which you see
3) (temps) (= où)un jour que j'étais... — a day when I was...
4) (interrogatif) whatQu'est-ce que...? — What...?
Qu'est-ce que c'est? (en désignant qch) — What is it?, What's that?, (en entendant qch) What's that?
* * *que ⇒ Note d'usage (qu' before vowel or mute h)A conj1 ( reprenant une autre conjonction) comme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why; si vous venez et que vous avez le temps if you come and (if you) have the time;2 je crains que tu (ne) fasses une bêtise I'm worried (that) you might do something silly; le fait qu'il se soit enfui prouve sa culpabilité the fact that he has run away is proof of his guilt; qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte we were already well aware that he's the best; taisez- vous que j'entende ce qu'il dit stop talking so (that) I can hear what he's saying; approche, que je te regarde come closer so I can look at you; qu'il pleuve et toute la récolte est détruite if it rains the harvest will be ruined; que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non whether you like it or not; il voudrait faire échouer le projet qu'il ne s'y prendrait pas autrement if he wanted to ruin the project he couldn't have chosen a better way to do it; il l'aurait fait qu'il ne voudrait pas l'admettre even if he did do it he wouldn't admit it; il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police no sooner had he left than she called the police; vous dormiez encore que j'avais déjà fait une longue promenade you were still asleep, while I had already been for a long walk; j'avais déjà lu 10 pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé I had already read 10 pages while he hadn't even started; il ne se passe pas de jour qu'il ne pleuve not a day goes by without rain ou when it doesn't rain; que tout le monde sorte! everyone must leave!; qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais… you must excuse me but…; qu'il se taise! I wish he would be quiet!; que n'êtes vous-arrivés hier soir! fml if only you'd arrived last night!; que ceux qui n'ont pas compris le disent let anyone who hasn't understood say so; qu'on le pende! hang him!; qu'il crève◑! let him rot○!, he can rot○!; que j'aille le voir! you expect me to go and see him!; que je leur prête ma voiture! you expect me to lend them my car!; que je sache as far as I know;3 ◑( à la place de l'inversion du sujet) et alors? que je lui ai dit so? I said to him; approche! qu'il m'a dit come closer! he says to me○.B pron inter what; que fais-tu ? what are you doing?; que dire? what can you ou one say?; que faire? ( maintenant) what shall I do?, what am I to do?; ( au passé) what could I do?, what was I to do?; que veux-tu pour ton anniversaire? what do you want for your birthday?; qu'est-ce que tu en penses? what do you think?; je ne sais que dire I don't know what to say; je ne sais pas ce qu'il a dit I don't know what he said; que sont ces traces? what are those tracks?; qu'est-ce que c'est que ça? what's that?; qu'importe? what does it matter?C pron rel1 ( ayant un nom de personne pour antécédent) Pierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday; c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen;2 ( ayant un nom de chose ou d'animal pour antécédent) je n'aime pas la voiture que tu as achetée I don't like the car (that) you've bought; le livre qu'il a écrit juste après la guerre the book that he wrote just after the war; les photos que vous regardez ont été prises à Rome the photographs that ou which you are looking at were taken in Rome; c'est la plus belle fleur que j'aie jamais vue it's the most beautiful flower (that) I've ever seen;3 ( employé comme attribut) that; la vieille dame qu'elle est devenue the old lady that she has become; énervé qu'il était il n'a pu terminer son discours he was so worked up that he couldn't finish his speech; de petite fille sage qu'elle était elle est devenue une petite peste she's changed from the good little girl that she was into a real pest; bête que je suis fool that I am; stupide que tu es! you silly thing!D adv que vous êtes jolie! how pretty you are!; que c'est difficile/ennuyeux how difficult/boring it is; que c'est joli it's so pretty; ce que vous êtes jolie! you're so pretty!; que de monde/d'eau what a lot of people/water; qu'avait-il besoin de faire? why did he have to do?; que ne le disais-tu plus tôt? fml why didn't you say so earlier?; ‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’-‘oh que si!’ ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’-‘oh yes I have!’; que non! definitely not!; ‘tu en as besoin?’-‘que oui!’ ‘do you need it’-‘indeed I do!’; c'était une époque turbulente que le XVIe siècle what a turbulent period the 16th century was.1. [combien]que tu es naïf! you're so naive!, aren't you naive!que de bruit ici! it's so noisy here!, what a lot of noise there is in here!2. [exprimant l'indignation]que ne l'as-tu (pas) dit plus tôt! why didn't you say so earlier?, I wish you had said so ou that earlier!————————sa sœur, que je n'avais pas vue depuis 10 ans, était là aussi her sister, whom ou who I hadn't seen for 10 years, was there toole contrat que j'ai signé the contract (which) ou that I signedje ne suis pas la seule, que je sache I'm not the only one as far as I know4. [pour souligner une caractéristique]fatiguée qu'elle était, elle continuait à l'aider tired though ou as she was, she carried on helping himde timide qu'il était, il est devenu expansif once a shy man, he's now an extroverten bon père/électricien qu'il était being the good father/electrician he wasune chance, que cette panne! very lucky, this breakdown!5. [dans des expressions de temps, de durée]un soir qu'il faisait très chaud one very hot evening, one evening when the weather was very hotle temps que tu te prépares, il sera trop tard by the time you're ready it'll be too latechaque fois que je m'absente, il téléphone every time I'm out he phones————————1. [dans le discours direct] whatqu'est-ce que je vois/j'entends? [ton menaçant ou hum] what is this I see/hear?2. [dans le discours indirect] what————————1. [après des verbes déclaratifs ou des verbes d'évaluation] thatexigez qu'on vous indemnise demand compensation ou to be compensated[en début de proposition]que leur fils ait fugué, cela ne devrait pas nous surprendre the fact that their son ran away shouldn't come as a surprise to usque tu pleures ne changera rien your ou you crying won't change anything2. (à valeur circonstancielle) [et déjà] thanil n'a pas fini de lire un roman qu'il en commence un autre no sooner has he finished one novel than he starts reading another[afin que] so thatapproche-toi, que je te voie mieux come closer so that I can see you better[à tel point que]elle tousse que ça réveille tout le monde (familier) she coughs so much (that) she wakes everybody upil est têtu que ça en devient un vrai problème (familier) he's so ou that stubborn (that) it's a real problem[dialecte: parce que]ne viens pas, que si je te vois je te tue! don't come, 'cos if I see you I'll kill you!3. (suivi du subjonctif) [pour formuler un ordre, un souhait, une éventualité]a. [faites-la parler] make her talk!b. [laissez-la parler] let her speak!eh bien, qu'il s'en aille s'il n'est pas content! he can leave if he doesn't like it!qu'il m'attaque et je dis tout just let him (try and) attack me, and I'll reveal everything4. (soutenu) [dans une double hypothèse]5. [répète la conjonction précédente]6. [formule de présentation et d'insistance]je croyais l'affaire faite et voilà qu'elle n'est pas d'accord I thought the deal was clinched and now I find she disagreessi je n'ai rien dit, c'est que je craignais de te vexer if I said nothing, it was because I was afraid of upsetting youtu n'iras pas — que si! you won't go — oh yes I will ou I will too!7. [dans une formule interrogative]————————que... ne locution conjonctiveaucune décision n'est prise que je ne sois préalablement consulté no decision is made without my being consulted first————————que... ou non locution conjonctivewhether... or not————————que... (ou) que locution conjonctivewhether... orqu'il fasse beau, qu'il pleuve, je sors me promener come rain or come shine, I go out for a walk -
20 halten;
hält, hielt, gehaltenI v/t1. (festhalten) hold; jemanden an oder bei der Hand halten hold s.o.’s hand; in der Hand / im Arm halten hold in one’s hand / in one’s arms; jemandem den Mantel halten (damit er die Hände frei hat) hold s.o.’s coat; (ihm hineinhelfen) hold s.o.’s coat, help s.o. on with their coat; sie hielt sich den Bauch ( vor Schmerzen) she was holding her stomach (in pain); Daumen2. (stützen) hold (up), support; das Bild wird von zwei Nägeln gehalten the picture is held up by two nails; das Seil hat nicht viel zu halten (wird wenig belastet) there isn’t very much weight on the rope3. in einer Lage: hold; ans Licht halten hold to the light; den Kopf gesenkt / hoch halten keep one’s head down / hold one’s head up; die Hand ins / unters Wasser halten put one’s hand in the water / hold one’s hand under the tap (Am. auch faucet); sich (Dat) beim Gähnen die Hand vor den Mund halten put one’s hand in front of one’s mouth when yawning; er hielt sich das Buch dicht vors Gesicht he was holding the book right in front of his face4. in einem Zustand: keep; frisch / warm halten keep fresh / warm; besetzt / verschlossen halten keep occupied / locked; in Gang halten keep s.th. going; in Ordnung halten keep in order; auf Lager halten (keep in) stock; bereit, gefangen etc., gehalten II 36. (zurückhalten, behalten) keep, hold; (Festung, Stellung, Rekord, Titel) hold; (aufhalten) stop; SPORT (Schuss) hold, stop, save; das Haus hält die Wärme gut / schlecht the house retains the heat / lets the heat out; das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent, not be able to hold one’s water ( oder control one’s bladder); den Ball in den eigenen Reihen halten hold onto the ball, keep possession (of the ball); seinen Vorsprung halten können retain one’s lead; er ließ sich nicht halten oder er war nicht zu halten there was no stopping ( oder holding) him, you couldn’t hold him back; was hält mich hier noch? what is there to keep me here?; haltet den Dieb! stop thief!; Klappe, Mund etc.7. (Geschwindigkeit, Kurs, Niveau, Preise etc.) hold, maintain; (Richtung) continue in, keep going in; MUS. (Ton) lange: hold; (nicht abweichen) keep to; Ordnung halten keep order; Kontakt halten keep in contact ( mit oder zu with); haltet jetzt bitte Ruhe / Frieden umg. keep quiet now, please / no more arguing, please; diese Theorie lässt sich nicht halten this theory is untenable8. (Versprechen, sein Wort etc.) keep; was ich verspreche, halte ich auch my word is my bond; das Buch hält ( nicht), was es verspricht the book doesn’t live up to its promises9. ( sich [Dat]) jemanden/etw. halten (Haustiere, Personal, Wagen) keep; (Zeitung) take; sie hält sich einen Chauffeur / Liebhaber she keeps a chauffeur / lover10. (behandeln) (Person, Tier, Pflanze, Sache) treat; die Kinder knapp / streng halten not give the children much money / be strict with the children11. (Sitzung, Versammlung etc.) hold; (Hochzeit, Messe) auch celebrate; (Mahlzeit, Schläfchen etc.) have, take; (Rede, Vortrag etc.) give; Winterschlaf halten hibernate12. halten für consider (to be), think s.o./s.th. is; irrtümlich: (mis)take for; sie hält ihn für den Besitzer meist she thinks he’s the owner; ich halte es für richtig, dass er absagt I think he’s right to refuse, I think it’s right that he should refuse; tu, was du für richtig hältst do what you think is right; ich hielte es für gut, wenn wir gingen I think we should go, I think it would be a good idea if we went; für wie alt hältst du ihn? how old do ( oder would) you think he is?; wofür halten Sie mich / sich ( eigentlich)? who do you think I am / you are?13. halten von think of; viel / wenig halten von think highly ( stärker: the world) / not think much of; was hältst du von...? what do you think of...?; auffordernd: how about...?; was hältst du davon? what do you think (of it)?; ich halte nicht viel davon I don’t think much of it; von Idee, Gemälde etc.: auch I’m not keen on it; er hält eine ganze Menge von dir umg. he thinks you’re great, he holds you in high estimation; sie hält nichts vom Sparen she doesn’t believe in saving14. unpers.: wie hältst du es mit...? what do you usually do about...?; (was denkst du über...?) what do you think of ( oder about)...?; so haben wir es immer gehalten we’ve always done it that way; das kannst du halten, wie du willst please (bes. Am. suit) yourself; ich halte es mit meinem Lehrer, der immer sagte... I go by what my teacher always used to say...; gehaltenII v/i1. (fest sein) Knoten, Schnur, Schraube etc.: hold; Eis: be (frozen) solid enough to walk on; Brücke: stand the weight of s.th./s.o.; (kleben bleiben) stick3. (Halt machen) stop; Fahrzeug: auch draw up, pull up; der Zug hält hier zehn Minuten the train stops here for ten minutes; hält der Bus am Schlossplatz? does the bus stop at the Schlossplatz?; er ließ halten he called a halt; halt I6. Richtung, mit Waffe: aim ( auf + Akk at); Schiff etc.: head ( nach for; nach Norden etc. north etc.)7. an sich (Akk) halten control o.s.; ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu (+ Inf.) it took great self-control not to (+ Inf.), I could hardly stop ( oder keep) myself (from) (+ Ger.)III vt/i1. (viel / wenig) halten auf (+ Akk) (achten auf) pay (a lot of / little) attention to; (Wert legen auf) set (great / little) store by; wir halten nicht sehr auf Formen we don’t stand on ceremony2. etwas / viel auf sich (Akk) halten take pride / a lot of pride in o.s.; äußerlich: be particular / very particular about one’s appearance; gesundheitlich: look after / take great care of one’s health; jeder / kein Handwerker, der ( etwas) auf sich hält any / no self-respecting craftsmanIV v/refl1. Lebensmittel etc.: keep; Schuhe etc.: last; Wetter: hold; Preis, Kurs etc.: hold; Geschäft, Mode, Restaurant etc.: last; sich gut halten Lebensmittel etc.: keep well; sie hat sich gut gehalten (ist wenig gealtert) she looks good for her age, she’s well preserved2. (bleiben) fit, warm etc.: keep, stay; sich in Form halten keep in form; körperlich: auch keep fit; sich bereit halten be ready; Truppen etc.: be on standby; sich verborgen oder versteckt halten remain hidden ( oder in hiding)3. (standhalten) hold out; sich gut oder wacker halten hold one’s own ( gegen against), do well; sich halten als maintain one’s position as; sich auf einem Posten halten ( können) last4. sich halten an (+ Akk) keep to, stick to; an Vorschriften etc.: comply with; sich an jemanden halten (sich verlassen auf) rely on s.o.; wegen Schadenersatz: hold s.o. liable; sich an das Gesetz halten comply with ( oder abide by) the law; der Film hält sich eng an die Vorlage the film keeps very close to the original; möchten Sie einen Sherry? - nein, ich halte mich lieber an alkoholfreie Getränke I’d rather stick to ( oder with) something non-alcoholic; heute werde ich mich mal an den Tee halten I’m going to stick to tea today5. Haltung, Lage, Richtung: sich links / rechts halten keep to the left / right; sich südlich halten keep on south, keep going in a southerly direction; sich sehr gerade oder aufrecht halten hold o.s. very straight ( oder erect); sich kaum noch auf den Beinen halten können hardly be able to stand; sich oft abseits halten often keep (o.s.) to o.s.; halt dich immer dicht hinter mir keep very close behind me6. (beherrschen): sich nicht oder kaum mehr halten können not be able to contain o.s.; sich nicht oder kaum mehr halten können vor Freude / Zorn etc. be so happy / angry etc. that one can no longer contain o.s.; sich ( vor Lachen) nicht mehr halten können umg. not be able to keep a straight face, not be able to stop o.s. ( oder keep from) laughing7. sich halten für think o.s. sth, consider ( oder hold geh.) o.s. to be sth.; sie hält sich mal wieder für besonders schlau she thinks she’s been terribly clever again; siehe auch I 12
См. также в других словарях:
Hold — Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Held}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Holding}. {Holden}, p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde, Sw. h[*a]lla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hold — hold1 [hōld] vt. held, holding [ME holden < Anglian OE haldan (WS healdan), akin to Ger halten, Goth haldan, to tend sheep < IE base * kel , to drive, incite to action > Gr kelēs, swift horse, L celer, swift: prob. sense development:… … English World dictionary
hold — hold1 W1S1 [həuld US hould] v past tense and past participle held [held] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(in your hand/arms)¦ 2¦(event)¦ 3¦(keep something in position)¦ 4¦(job/title)¦ 5¦(keep/store)¦ 6¦(keep something available for somebody)¦ 7¦(keep somebody… … Dictionary of contemporary English
hold — 1. v. & n. v. (past and past part. held) 1 tr. a keep fast; grasp (esp. in the hands or arms). b (also refl.) keep or sustain (a thing, oneself, one s head, etc.) in a particular position (hold it to the light; held himself erect). c grasp so as… … Useful english dictionary
hold — I [[t]ho͟ʊld[/t]] PHYSICALLY TOUCHING, SUPPORTING, OR CONTAINING ♦ holds, holding, held 1) VERB When you hold something, you carry or support it, using your hands or your arms. [V n prep/adv] Hold the knife at an angle... [V n] She is holding her … English dictionary
hold — I n. grip 1) to catch, get, grab, lay, seize, take hold of 2) to keep hold of 3) to relax one s hold 4) a firm, strong hold type of wrestling grip 5) to break a hold control, domination 6) to relinquish one s hold 7) a hold over (they refused to… … Combinatory dictionary
hold down — verb a) To restrain; to check. Please hold the noise down. b) To continue, to hold and to manage well. You hold him down while I search him … Wiktionary
hold to — / həυld tu:/ verb not to allow something or someone to change ♦ we will try to hold him to the contract we will try to stop him going against the contract ♦ the government hopes to hold wage increases to 5% the government hopes that wage… … Dictionary of banking and finance
Hold — Hold, v. i. In general, to keep one s self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence: [1913 Webster] 1. Not to move; to halt; to stop; mostly in the imperative. [1913 Webster] And damned be him that first cries, Hold, enough! Shak … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hold on — Hold Hold, v. i. In general, to keep one s self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence: [1913 Webster] 1. Not to move; to halt; to stop; mostly in the imperative. [1913 Webster] And damned be him that first cries, Hold, enough!… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hold up — Hold Hold, v. i. In general, to keep one s self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence: [1913 Webster] 1. Not to move; to halt; to stop; mostly in the imperative. [1913 Webster] And damned be him that first cries, Hold, enough!… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English